Tech Talk Radio
February 2004
Sponsored by Stratford University
Saturdays at 8 am EST on WJFK FM Radio
Turn the dial to FM106.7

It's everything you always wanted to know about computers
and information technology, but were afraid to ask.

     Cameron Gray and Dr. Richard Shurtz, President of Stratford University, host Tech Talk, a program about computers and information technology.
     Links to selected programs are below. All programs are archived in RealAudio format. Just click on the RealAudio link below the date to listen.

Show Selected Topics
February 28, 2004
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  • Versign Sues ICANN
    • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers has given Verisign the right to manage several Top Level Domains (TLDs) including “.com” and “.net”
    • Verisign accused ICANN of violating anti-trust laws, breaching contracts, and interfering with contractual relations.
    • ICANN has been preventing Verisign from introducing new services, Sitefinder.
    • Sitefinder deals with expiring domain names and search for non-existent names
    • Site refers mis-typed web addresses to specific sites.
    • Verisign is paid for those referrals
    • Waiting List Service
    • Sale of expiring domain names service also pending approval
    • WLS has triggered lawsuits by competing registrars
    • ICANN versus Verisign versus ITU for control of the Internet.
  • Space News: Mars Rovers
    • Hours have been scaled back with the approach of Autumn on the red planet
    • Shorter days and increased dust storms have reduced the power output of solar cells
    • Power down from 900 watt-hours/day to 650 watt-hours/day
    • Both rovers are fully functional
    • Transmitted 11,000 images and 9.1 gigabytes of data
    • Trying to figure out the meaning of spherical grains in the sand
    • Found evidence of water…evidence is not fully analyzed
  • Space News: Rosetta
    • Rosetta is planned to reach the comet 67P/Churyumon-Gerisimenko in 2014
    • Will map comets nucleus and find a suitable landing site
    • Will dispatch a lander, Philae, to comet’s surface
    • The landing site is expected to be a 4km wide rock or ice chunk.
    • Lander will stick a probe into surface to remain tethered since gravity very low
  • Website of the Week: www.darpa.mil
  • Do we really need 64-bit processors?
    • 32 bit processors can address 4 GB or RAM
    • 64-bit processors can address 16 exabytes (16 billion gigabytes) of RAM
    • Useful for monster databases and high end animation and mathematics programs
    • The Chip Wars
      • AMD has released
        • Athlon 64 for desktop and notebooks
        • Opteron for servers
        • Both are hybrids that can run 32 and 64 bit applications.
        • Both support the .86 command set and a new 64 bit command set
        • Sun, HP, and IBM have announced servers based on these chips
      • Intel has released
        • 64-bit Itanium is not gotten much traction
        • Does not run 32-bit apps and has not gotten much traction
        • Rushing to release a hybrid version of the Zeon chip that will support both 32 and 64 bit applications
      • This new version may kill Itanium
    • The Operating System Wars
      • Versions of Linux sold by SUSE and Red Hat
      • Beta version of the Windows XP 64-Bit Edition
        • Can run both 32 and 64 bit applications
        • Can be downloaded from Microsoft now as a trial version
        • Will run on both AMD 64-bit chips
  • Microsoft Operating System News
    • Next operating Longhorn will not be released until 2007 – 2008.
    • Longhorn will include
      • Avalon, a new graphic engine (Max OS like)
      • Indigo, a new communications architecture (enhanced .Net)
      • WinFS, a new file system based on relational database technology to facilitate data searching
      • “Baked-in” adaptive security (dynamic system protection)
      • Longhorn will blur the lines between web application and operating system
    • Longhorn developers site is up and running.
      • Visual Studio .Net tools have been released to support Longhorn applications
      • Longhorn beta has been released to developers
    • Windowx XP Reloaded may bridge the gap until Longhorn is released
      • Will incorporate some on Longhorn’s features early
      • Probably security features
  • Microsoft Proposes Caller-ID for email
    • System would eliminate spoofing
    • ISP would submit list of mail server addresses and domain names serviced
    • Exchange would match return address against that database
    • AOL, Yahoo are testing similar authentication systems
  • RSA Conference Held This Week
    • RSA is a security company specializing in encryption
    • Conference honors 3rd Century Mathematician, Sun Zi, who proved the Chinese Remainder Theorem.
    • Modern Public Key Encryption is based on Chinese Remainder Theorem
    • Public Key Encryption Infrastructure (PKI) is the cornerstone of modern Internet security
    • Main security issues discussed at conference
      • Complacency by public with password selection
      • Cellphones may suffer next round of attacks
  • Stratford News
    • Masters, Bachelors, Associates, Professional Development
    • Remote Lab and Online Courses
    • Tech Talk Home Page
    • Fine Dining, Culinary Workshop
February 21, 2004
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  • Website Fun
    • What is a data-driven website?
    • Why is it used?
    • Primary scripting types: Java (jsp), Visual Basic (asp), PHP (php), Perl (shtml)
    • Primary backend databases: text file, ODBC Database (Access), SQL Database (MySQL, MSSQL, Oracle)
      • Primary webservers: Apache (Linux/Unix), IIS (Windows)
    • The People Behind Open Source Technology: PHP, Apache, Linux
  • What is PHP?
    • An easy-to-use open source web scripting language
    • PHP succeeds an older product, named PHP/FI.
    • PHP/FI (Personal Home Page/Forms Interpretor)
    • PHP had a Perl-like command structure, somewhat inconsistent
    • PHP/FI was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995
    • Rasmus chose to release the source code for PHP/FI for everybody to see
    • By 1997, PHP/FI 2.0 (written in C), had a cult of several thousand users with 50,000 domains
    • New Acromyn (PHP Hypertext Processor)
    • PHP 3.0 (similar to today’s version) was created by Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski in 1997 as a complete rewrite and was designed to support a University eCommerce project.
    • PHP 3.0 was officially released in June 1998, after having spent about 9 months in public testing.
    • Hundreds of thousands of domains (approximately 10% of Internet)
    • PHP4 was released in Winter 1998 by Gutmans and Suaaski
    • The new engine is called “Zend Engine” (Comprised for first names Zeev and Andi)
    • Comprises about 20% of Internet domains
    • PHP 5 (Beta 4) has been released
    • Download software from: http://www.php.net/downloads.php
  • What is Apache?
    • Apache project is a collaborative software development project to create a robust, commercial-grade HTTP (Web) server.
    • Jointly managed by a group of volunteers called the Apache Group
    • Based on NCSA httpd 1.3, a public domain HTTP deamon (developed by Rob McCool) in early 1990s
    • This project stalled when Rob left National Center for Supercomputing Applications in February 1995
    • A small group decided to continue development by creating “patches” for this softare (Brian Bechlendorf and Cliff Skolnick)
    • In February 1995 the group had eight members, Apache was born
    • A complete rewrite was completed by December 1, 1995
    • In 1999, the group formed the Apache Software Foundation
    • Website: http://www.apache.org
    • Consensus software with changed voted on by group of currently active developers
    • Today 68% of Internet webservers are Apache, 23% are Microsoft IIS
  • What is Linux?
    • Based on OS by Minix that was created by Dutch professor, Andrew Tanenbaum, as a teaching tool
    • Designed to run on 8086 Intel processor. (12,000 lines of C)
    • He released the code and wrote an excellent book explaining operating systems
    • Linus Tovalds, at age 21, read his book while at University of Helsinke
    • In 1991, there was no open source operating system
    • In August, 1991 Linus began the project to create a new operating system based on Minix. (First version released October 1991)
    • Andrew Tanenbaum did not like the architecture and told Linus.
    • His response (“Your job is being a professor and researcher. That’s one hell of a good excuse for some of the brain-damages of minix”)
    • It was licensed under the GNU General Public License for open software A world-wide group of volunteers began developing Linux collaboratively with Linux holding the final vote for any changes.
    • Windows-type interface now available (K Desktop Environment and GNOME)
    • Grid computing supported
    • Download a free copy from www.linux.org
  • Astronomy: Black Hole Destroys Star
    • Astronomers reported the first strong evidence of s supermassive black hole stretching and tearing apart, and partially absorbing a star.
    • Event marked by powerful X-Ray blast from a galaxy about 700 million light-years away (emitting just before the fragment was trapped by the Black Hole)
    • The resulting flair was thousands of times brighter that all of the billions of other stars in the galaxy
    • This particular black hole has a mass 100 million times that of the sun
    • The unlucky star veer off-course after a near miss with another star.
    • The black hole consumed from 1 to 25 percent of the star, flinging the rest into space
    • Similar events occur every 10,000 years in a typical galaxy
  • Latest version of MyDoom targets RIAA
    • MyDoom.F is spreading slowly
    • Attacked Microsoft and RIAA with DDOS
    • Based on code from previous versions
    • Email (with a hooker) may be quick, but it lasts forever
  • Risks of High Tech Prostitution
    • Records of Frederick County Madam, Angelika Potter were made public last week
    • She ran Corporate Affair Escort Service until raided by police in 1999
    • Records seized in that raid were made public this week
    • All 8,500 pages available for $3,000 (Frederick-News Post only buyer)
    • Included thousands of emails (many from customers were released)
    • Three CD of images used on website
  • Hackers Break into 232 Campus Computers Last Saturday
    • Attack made possible by vulnerability in Microsoft OS discovered on the Wednesday before
    • This security hold uses a buffer overflow in ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation)
    • Once one computer was compromised, they moved to other trusted sites, collected passwords along the way and installing backdoor Trojans
    • The important observation was that the delay between announcement of vulnerability and attack was only three days. Patch and patch quickly
  • Low Tech Hack for iTunes Giveaway
    • Jon Gales posted his hack on MacMerc.com, a Machintosh user site
    • Apple Computers’ iTunes and Pepsi are giving away 100 million songs
    • Promotion announced on Superbowl by 12 year old kids who had been sued by RIAA for mp3 file sharing
    • Tilt and twist bottles in a certain way to see if it is a winner before making purchase
    • Those who see the word “again” are losers
    • If you see random letters or numbers you are a winner
    • Each Pepsi winner can download 10 songs/day up to 200 songs
  • Homeless Hacker Pleads Guilty
    • Adrian Lamo, a 22 year old hacker with a conscience
    • Lamo frequently trespassed on the networks of prominent companies
    • He then informed the companies of his exploits and often worked with them, as a consultant, to close the holes
    • Before the courts ordered him to return to California, area to live with his parents
    • He wandered around the United States on Greyhound buses, sleeping on friends' couches and, when necessary, staying in vacant or derelict buildings.
    • He broke into New York Times Servers and got confidential source information.
    • The Times was not amused. It pressed charges.
    • Adrian Lamo, 22, of Carmichael, Calif., pleaded guilty to a single count of computer damage. Sentencing is set for April 8.
    • A plea agreement between prosecutors and the defense agrees that federal sentencing guidelines would result in a sentence of six months to a year in jail.
    • Also broke into Worldcom, among others
    • Go to www.freelamo.org for more info about movement to get all charges dropped.
  • SPOT Watches – Dumbest Idea of the Year so far
    • Uses Smart Personal Object Technology (SPOT)
    • Uses FM radio subcarrier frequencies to wirelessly deliver weather, news, stock quotes to a variety of devices including watches
    • “Smart watch” that does not need to be set
    • MSN messenger can send messages and outlook with sync your calendar
    • SPOT services costs $59/year
    • Needs recharged every four days --- a big disadvantage!
    • Seem to lockup in the presence of noise. Need the three finger salute to reboot.
    • Wireless Lamposts Take over World – Watch this IPO
  • Stratford News
    • Masters, Bachelors, Associates, Professional Development
    • Remote Lab and Online Courses
    • Tech Talk Home Page
    • Fine Dining, Culinary Workshops
February 14, 2004
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  • Windows Code Released on Internet
    • Souce code leaked last Thursday leading to a file-swapping frenzy
    • Dated July 25, 2000, source code represents Windows 2000 Service Pack 1
      • Leaked code include 30,915 files
      • Included 13.5 million lines of code
    • Window NT breach
      • 95,103 files
      • 28 million likes of code
    • Chunks of code were riddled with hidden notes and profanity
    • Mix of assembler, C, and C++
    • A mixture of running code and junk.
    • BetaNews.com reported leak Traced Back to Mainsoft
      • Core dump revealed Linux OS used by Mainsoft
      • Most likely traced to machine used by Mainsoft’s Director of Technology, Eyal Alaluf
      • He is probably not the one who leaked the code. Audit trail to easily established
      • Mainsoft is a “software porting” company, specializing in Porting Windows Applications to a Unix environment
      • One of two partners under the Windows Interface Source Environment (WISE)
    • Under the Shared Source Initiative, 127 university and companies have access to the code
  • FCC Formally Considers Regulating Voice over IP
    • Majority of commissioners favor minimal regulation
    • This is good for consumers....expect the competition to heat up and prices to drop
    • FCC VoIP Page explains the technology to consumers
  • 2004 Government Tech Investment
    • According to Washington Technology
    • Smart Cards – Green Light
      • DOD issues 10,000 to 14,000 per day
      • Patent, Trademark, IRS, Agriculture all use them
      • Downside: lack of interagency standards
      • Outlook: DOD developing an identity management system that will permit authentication across several agencies and vendors
    • Web Services – Green Light
      • Integration is  high on the list (Federal Enterprise Architecture Initiative)
      • Downside: Standards up in the air (J2EE or .Net still undecided)
      • Outlook: Standards will forced decisions in 2004
    • Voice over IP – Yellow Light
      • Some agencies have rolled out VoIP service to save dollars (Commerce)
      • Reliability still an issue
      • Conventional phone service getting cheaper, very reliable
      • New offices are good candidates
    • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) – Yellow Light
      • DOD wants RFID for its logistics chain (just like WalMart)
      • Agriculture has another candidate for RFID: cattle
      • Prices coming down (now about 20 cents a chip) helped by WalMart’s 2005 deployment date
      • Downside: No real traction outside of DOD
    • Wireless – Red Light
      • Benefits are fantastic.
      • Technology is maturing quickly, spurred by widespread consumer acceptance
      • Security remains top concerns
      • NIST’s report was pretty negative until better security can be embedded
    • Biometrics – Red Light
      • Technology not mature. Not ready for heavy use
      • Biometrics standards are still a dream
      • Not much traction outside of defense, intelligence, and law enforcement.
  • Outsourcing War
    • Congress is on the war path, elections are approaching
    • Last month, Congress passed legislation that banned Federal agencies from sending work overseas
    • Want to take action to stem the loss of Business Process Operations (BPO) to India
      • Indian BPO should grow to $12 billion by 2006
      • Fortune 100s will move 2 million jobs to India by 2008
      • 851,000 from the US
    • Indian BPO Industry cries foul, saying that its software market is open
  • WebSites of the Week
    • Website: www.technorati.com
      • Technorati is a conversation engine.
      • It tells you what's being said, right now, about every blog or site that has something to say -- and says it so well that others point to them.
        • 1,686,641 weblogs watched.
        • 87,384,391 active links.
        • 230,703,374 links tracked
      • Sections Include: Search, Top 100, Recent BlogsNewcomers, Current Events, Breaking News, Watchlists
    • Website : www.dodgeball.com
      • Text messaging service for mobile phones to track your buddies and their location
      • Circles: Use your mobile phone to tell us where you are and we'll broadcast your whereabouts to all your friends.
      • Guide: Use your mobile phone to look up addresses and cross-streets or find the closest pool table or Ms. Pac Man machine
      • Scout: Use your mobile phone to broadcast messages to people within 10 blocks of your current location
  • O’Reilly Emerging Technology Conference
    • February 9-12, 2004 in San Diego
    • O’Reilly’s chance to listen to the Alpha Geeks
    • This conference is a good barometer of software development trends
    • Digital Democracy Teach-In (Joe Trippi)
      • Social software enabled Howard Dean
      • Social software could not save the campaign and mobilize supporters
    • Track One: Interfaces and Services
      • We spend more time staring with mobile laptops, palmtops, and hiptops.
      • We're moving to lighter-weight, componentized, flexible interfaces.
      • We’re reconsidering the browser interface, and discovering what happens when you turn web pages back into their underlying applications and data.
    • Track 2: Social Software
      • Software designed to support the interactions of groups of people. Friendster, Technorati, LinkedIn, and FOAF (friend-of-a-friend networks)
      • Silly experiments like Flash Mobs and serious ones, like Howard Dean's use of MeetUp for his presidential campaign.
      • This is the track with the most papers and the most energy....read these papers
      • Tech Talk's websites of the week came from this category
    • Track 3: Untethered
      • Cellular telephone users disperse and gather dynamically as they transmit short notes billions of times a month.
      • Devices on desktops, in pockets, and built into cars loosely couple via Bluetooth into a personal area network.
    • Track 4: Location
      • GPS technology, from handheld receivers to automobiles and cell phones, enables us to fix events in space just as easily as we can in time.
      • Suddenly, everyone can be both a producer and consumer of geographic information and location-based services.
      • Yet hidden in this seeming utopia of location-based services lie yet-to-be addressed questions about privacy and security.
    • Track 5: Hardware
      • Hardware hacks expand the machine in new and powerful ways
      • Arrays of sensors and RFID tags are connecting and interacting
      • What are the future apps and implications of sub-micro computing?
    • Track 6:Business Models
      • We feature a range of technologies that are growing just below the horizon of commercial viability
      • Place a spotlight on projects and people who are likely to become very important to the future of Internet computing
      • Equally important is a careful study of what the new business models will look like.
      • Will they be a return to the traditional, times being as they are? Or is there room to innovate? Who is putting a stake in the ground and attempting to build the new applications, network, and online culture?
  • Stratford News
    • Stratford Website Continues to Improve
    • Academics
      • Masters, Bachelors, Associates
    • Professional Development
      • Technical, Business, Event Management
    • Remote Lab and Online Courses
    • Tech Talk Home Page
    • Fine Dining
    • Culinary Workshops
February 7, 2004
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  • MyDoom Update
  • Burger Kings speakers used for verbal assault
    • Kids used a simple transmitter to communicate with drive-through speakers at Burger King in Troy Michigan
    • These speaker frequencies are well-known and transmitters are cheap
    • When one customer ordered a Whopper, they said, “You don’t need a couple of Whoppers. You are too fat. Pull ahead.
    • When another ordered Coke, they said,” We don’t have any more Coke.”
  • The Virus Underground
    • 2003 Was the Year of the Worm
      • January we had Slammer
      • Summer we had Blaster
      • August we had SoBig.F
      • January 2004 we had MyDoom.A and B
    • Virus Writers have become very cautious and skilled
      • They post their work to the web and analyze each experiment
      • Improve the code and the approach
      • They typically do nothing illegal (albeit unethical)
    • Naive Distributors (Script Kiddies)
      • Download the virus/worms and launch them
      • At that point they are committing an illegal act
    • Modern virus epidemic is based on the symbiotic relationship between people smart enough to write a virus and people dumb enough to spread it.
    • Overall Trends
      • Hackers target the home computer with a broadband connection
      • Users continue to be dumb and click on nearly anything
      • Malicious viruses seem to be gone (Reformatting Hard Drive)
      • Viruses/Worms are being adopted by the criminal element
  • Music Industry Raids Kazaa Offices
    • Federal Court gave the Australian Record Industry permission to raid 12 premises in three states to collect evidence against Kazaa
    • Site included the office of Kazaa owner Sharman Networks and the home of two company executives
    • Looking for copyright infringements
    • Computers and disks seized for further study
    • Surprising result since the Dutch Courts ruled last year that Kazaa was not in violation
  • Why Do Golf Balls Have Dimples?
    • Short history of Golf Balls
      • Until 1600s golf balls were smoothly carved boxwood
      • In 1618, leather-skinned ball filled with feathers (“Featherie”) was invented
      • In 1848, a rubber-like substance (gutta-percha) was used (“Guttie”)
      • The Guttie improved with age, as it became nicked
      • Soon Guttie were being produced pre-nicked (the first dimples)
      • In 1898 balls were made of rubber thread wound around a rubber core, encased in a hard, dimpled, enamel skin
    • The Secret of Dimples
      • Smooth ball would travel only about half the distance of a dimpled ball
      • Most golf balls have between 300 and 500 dimples
      • Average depth: one hundredth of an inch
      • Dimples create a thin turbulent boundary layer between the ball and the flowing air
      • Allows flowing air to follow ball’s surface a little farther, thereby decreasing the size of the wake. Thus half the drag!
      • Dimples create lift by warping the air flow as the ball spins like the asymmetrical front edge of an airplane wing.
      • Lift is doubled by the dimples!
  • Websites of the Week
    • www.opensecrets.org
      • Track contributions
      • Your neighbors by zipcode or name
      • Soft PAC contributions
      • By special interest area
      • Fourth Quarter Results now posted
    • www.irs.gov
      • Guidelines for e-File
      • Help with selection a free online filing service
      • Make certain to link from IRS site to preparation site to get the same deal
      • If you file a complicated return, TurboTax by Intuit is getting good reviews (not free)
  • Mar Exploration Rover Mission
    • JPL Mission Website: http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/
    • Mission is designed to gather geological evidence to show whether the planet was wet enough to support life.
    • Spirit landed January 3rd, Opportunity January 24th.
    • Spirit was launched June 10th and Opportunity on July 7th and  traveled for approximately seven months
    • Both rovers (1-Spirit and 2-Opportunity) operational.
    • Spirit slightly dysfunctional because of SDRAM overflow
      • 256MB flash RAM used to store data for transmission to earth
      • Use of RAM cache permits rovers to continue to work without waiting
      • All tasks routed through SDRAM, but not files were erased.
      • Stopped functioning when RAM was at capacity, like a digital camera
      • NASA has manually erased and reformatted RAM to fix problem.
      • May send software patch at a later date for permanent fix.
    • Both rovers sensors and tools onboard
      • Cornell Sensor Website: http://athena.cornell.edu/
      • Panoramic Camera using two high-resolution stereo cameras to complement the rover's navigation cameras for 3-D panoramic pictures
      • Microscopic Imager is a combination of a microscope and a camera. It will produce extreme close-up views of rocks and soils examined by other instruments.
      • Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) can recognize carbonates, silicates, organic molecules, and minerals formed in water from their IR signatures. Thermal IR data will also help scientists assess the capacity of rocks and soils to hold heat over the wide temperature range of a Martian day.
      • Mossbauer Spectrometer (MB) determines the composition and abundance of iron-bearing minerals. It shines x-ray/gamma rays (from radioactive Cobalt source) on sample and measures backscattered radiation. Identification of iron-bearing minerals will yield information about early Martian environmental conditions (degree and specific type of oxidation or “rusting”).
      • Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) determines the presence of Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, and Fe, Na, P, S, Cl, Ti, Cr, Mn, C, and O. The APXS shines x-ray/gamma rays from a radioactive Curium source and measures backscattered radiation.
      • Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) for scrapping off the outer surface of samples
      • Magnet Array to collect magnetic dust samples for evaluation
  • Stratford News
    • Stratford Launches New Website
      • PHP scripting
      • Linux server
    • New Professional Development Courses
      • IT (Windows 2003, .Net, etc.)
      • Business (Leadership, Finance, Accounting)
    • Open House Today (Scholarship Competition)
      • Falls Church Campus
      • Starts at 9 AM today (7777 Leesburg Pike)
    • Classes Start Monday, February 9th
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